 Periodontal Disease (Gum Disease) is an inflammation/ infection of the tissues and bone that the support teeth. It is caused by bacteria which is found in plaque that forms on the teeth. Gum disease affects about 70-75% of adults however, it can occur at any age. Early symptoms often go unnoticed and can lead to tooth loss if not treated.
Gingivitis:
First stage of gum disease. Infection in the tissue caused by poison produced from bacteria in plaque. These toxins irritate the gum tissue causing swelling, redness and bleeding. This damage can be reversed if properly treated.
Periodontitis:
During this stage of gum disease, the infection breaks down the bone and fibers that surround the teeth. With proper dental and home care, the disease can be controlled but not cured. Most people are not aware that damage is occurring in the bone until the disease has reached an advanced stage. At that time the teeth may loosen, shift or abscess.
Symptoms of Periodontal Disease:
Since you can not see that your bone is being destroyed, it is hard for you to see that you have this disease. At the dental office, you get your gums examined. They use a probe to measure the pockets between your teeth and gums. X-rays can also see if there is any bone loss.
Consult your dentist if you notice any of the following symptoms:
- Red, swollen, and tender gums
- Bleeding with brushing/flossing
- Receding gums causing the teeth to look longer
- Spaces, movement or a change in the way your teeth bite
- Pus coming from the tissues surrounding the teeth
- Bad taste or breath
Contributing Factors To Gum Disease
Smoking
Stress
Poor Diet
Hormone Changes
Poor oral hygiene
Irregular/infrequent dental visits
Dry mouth
Faulty dental restorations
Diabetes Mellitus type 1 & 2
Hypertension
and other systemic diseases
Can It Be Controlled?:
Periodontal disease can be controlled depending on the progress of the disease and how well the patient does home care.
Treatment:
If treated in the early stages gum disease can be reversed. Good oral hygiene can help control the bacteria causing the infection. A professional cleaning is also needed to remove mature and calcified deposits from the teeth. Your dentist and hygienist will make recommendations to help control the disease. This may include additional aids to help with daily plaque removal, more frequent professional debridement or referral to a periodontist (gum specialist).
Prevention:
The best way to prevent periodontal disease is good oral health.
Here are some tips:
- Brush teeth at least once a day to remove plaque.
- Floss everyday to remove plaque from between the teeth
- Eat healthy foods
- Visit the dentist regularly
Summary:
Without treatment, periodontal disease will not cure itself. This will cause the disease to spread. Take time at home with your gums and teeth to keep them healthy. |
